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Citrus Growers Forum
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Strange sap crystals forming on Bergamot orange
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JoeReal Site Admin
Joined: 16 Nov 2005 Posts: 4726 Location: Davis, California
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Posted: Wed 15 Apr, 2009 9:31 am |
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Based on my observations, the oozing sap happen most often when citruses are infested with scales, mealy bugs, aphids and or spider mites. Usually the sap are clear, which simply means that the plant is healthy and the insect damages are mechanical in nature. From time to time, the oozing sap are tainted or brownish, indicating infection. It is good to know the color of the sap as you first observe them. |
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SGF Citruholic
Joined: 20 Mar 2008 Posts: 49 Location: Brittany, France - zone 9b
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Posted: Wed 15 Apr, 2009 3:11 pm |
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pagnr, how do I seal the cut surface? Will candle wax work?
JoeReal, the sap had a a very slight hue like amber but was otherwise clear. Btw, did my payment come through for the AZ41? |
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Millet Citruholic
Joined: 13 Nov 2005 Posts: 6656 Location: Colorado
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Posted: Wed 15 Apr, 2009 6:14 pm |
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It has been found that applying nothing is better for the tree than using any type of wound paint. There is a post on this forum by Dr. Malcolm Manners discussing this subject. - Millet (1,375-) |
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JoeReal Site Admin
Joined: 16 Nov 2005 Posts: 4726 Location: Davis, California
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Posted: Wed 15 Apr, 2009 6:25 pm |
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SGF wrote: | pagnr, how do I seal the cut surface? Will candle wax work?
JoeReal, the sap had a a very slight hue like amber but was otherwise clear. Btw, did my payment come through for the AZ41? |
Sent you PM. |
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JoeReal Site Admin
Joined: 16 Nov 2005 Posts: 4726 Location: Davis, California
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Posted: Wed 15 Apr, 2009 6:34 pm |
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Millet wrote: | It has been found that applying nothing is better for the tree than using any type of wound paint. There is a post on this forum by Dr. Malcolm Manners discussing this subject. - Millet (1,375-) |
I generally agree with this one, especially on most fruit trees. A lot better to let them be. Oftentimes, when you do the pruning, it wouldn't be sterile due to contamination. And when you put the sealant, it helps protect whatever microorganisms get trapped underneath the sealant, and they will enjoy it with free housing.
In cases when you have to prune during the highest disease pressure, like warm winter rains, I would pick up my plumber's precision blow torch and pass the flame over the wound for a few seconds to sterilize and seal it. I have a flame retardant cloth to cover the other parts of the tree. Be very careful with this one, you can cook your tree if not done right, or burn your house. But I use this mostly outside when it is raining, foggy or drizzling and I have no choice but to do my emergency pruning. You can buy a torch kit from the hardware store, and this has proved extremely helpful when I prune my stone fruits that broke off during the winter storms. I also happen to read from UC's Annual Report that this is the recommended practice when pruning stone fruits when disease pressure is very high.
For smaller branches like the one shown, you can spray lysol or 70% ethanol right after the cut. It sterilizes and helps dry out quickly. And I don't put any sealant on them. |
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pagnr Citrus Guru
Joined: 23 Aug 2008 Posts: 407 Location: Australia
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Posted: Thu 16 Apr, 2009 11:59 am |
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re; SGF meyer lemon.In a situation of removing a very low sick or dying branch, you have to consider the possibility that the retreat wont stop exactly where you cut it off, but continue deeper along its path after your cutting. You may end up with a bigger dead area low on the trunk, semi girdling the whole plant.
Sealing the cut in that type of case seems to be a better option ,in that the cut stump doesn't keep extending and the cut surface holds about where you made it.
Candle wax should be ok. I sometimes drip the hot wax onto a cut or broken root branch, to seal large under ground wounds when potting up.The wax dries faster than sealants, so I can go ahead and water in straight away.
Non toxic white PVA wood glue seems to be ok also. |
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pagnr Citrus Guru
Joined: 23 Aug 2008 Posts: 407 Location: Australia
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Posted: Thu 16 Apr, 2009 1:58 pm |
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When compared to other insecticides, natural pyrethrum has some advantages.
Low toxicity to humans, but effective against insects.
Non- persistent and bio-degradable. Breaks down quickly in sunlight(12hrs?)and does not remain in the environment.
Very short (1 day) withholding period. Can consume sprayed produce soon after spraying, according to regulation.
Worker exclusion period from sprayed area fairly short (12hrs?)
Natural pyrethrins are easily metabolized, and don't accumulate in the human body.
Enhanced pyrethrum formulations containing piperonyl butoxide have amplified toxicity to insects, and other life forms (including the sprayer!)
They tend to have a higher content of pip but, than actual pyrethrum.
Synthetic pyrethoids were developed to be as effective or better than the natural forms, more stable under sunlight,with longer active periods(up to 30 days)
They generally have increased toxicity, and because of their stability increased exposure period after spraying one application.
All pyrethrums and pyrethoids are highly toxic to aquatic life.
As an agricultural insecticide, a natural pyrethrum formulation(ie;not containing piperonyl butoxide), although regarded as safe to use, still requires caution and use of protective equipment.
Some possible effects of exposure include allergy, rash, itching sensitization, etc . Symptoms may last for a day or so. |
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Millet Citruholic
Joined: 13 Nov 2005 Posts: 6656 Location: Colorado
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Posted: Thu 16 Apr, 2009 5:28 pm |
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pagnr, thank you for your above post, I agree with much of what you write. I certainly do not want to disregard the value and safety of "organic" pesticides such as pyrethrum. My point is that people tend to feel if a product is called organic it is safe, and must be good for the environment, but if it is called synthetic it is somehow unsafe, and bad for the environment. To demonstrate what I mean ---- The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has classified pyrethrum, a top organic pesticide, as a likely human carcinogen". The EPAs Cancer Assessment Review Committee based its 1999 decision on the same high-dose rat tests long used by eco-activists to condemn synthetic pesticides. Because no one knows just how pyrethrum causes tumors, the committee also recommended assuming that even the tiniest dose can be deadly. (The same logic is used to brand hundreds of other chemicals as carcinogens.) Pyrethrum is applied to crops at low rates, and that pyrethrum degrades relatively rapidly, minimizing consumer exposure is correct, but all this is also true of todays non-persistent synthetic pesticides as well. Pyrethrum and modern synthetic pesticides break down so rapidly that consumers are rarely exposed to any at all. Two-thirds of all fruits and vegetables tested as they leave the farm in the U.S. have no detectable pesticide residues - despite our being able to detect chemicals at parts per trillion levels. (Thats equivalent to 1 second in 31,000 years!). In fact, many of the widely used synthetic pesticides are based on natural plant-defense chemicals. Synthetic versions of pyrethrum (known as pyrethroids) make it possible to protect a crop with one or two sprays instead of spraying natural pyrethrum five to seven times at much higher volumes. Bruce Ames, noted cancer expert and recent winner of the National Medal of Science, notes that more than half of the natural chemicals he tests come up carcinogenic - the same proportion as synthetic chemicals. Last year, we learned that rotenone, a natural organic insecticide squeezed from roots of tropical plants, causes symptoms of Parkinsons disease in rats. Organic activists hold that if a toxic chemical can be squeezed from a plant or mined from the earth, its OK - but a safer chemical synthesized in a lab is unacceptable. People can certainly use whatever they wish, I am just pointing out that there is not all that much difference between modern synthetics and some of the "safe" products labeled organic. In many cases synthetics are actually safer, used at much lower rates, and need to be sprayed a lot fewer times, putting less actual toxic properties in the environment, than some organics. Any way I don't want to carry this must further, and will give you the last word if you have any further comments. Take care. - Millet (1,374-) |
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Sylvain Site Admin
Joined: 16 Nov 2007 Posts: 790 Location: Bergerac, France.
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Posted: Thu 16 Apr, 2009 5:36 pm |
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> All pyrethrums and pyrethoids are highly toxic to aquatic life.
And all cold blood animals. If you have pets like snakes, chameleons, lizards or tortoises they will die strait. |
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