The white cottony-looking thing is a mealybug. If there are only a few you can kill them manually (squish them). Sometimes they will live on the stem under leaf litter or loose dirt, so be sure to look there too.
The last photo looks like the damage of a chewing insect such as a grasshopper/katydid, or a caterpillar. You can probably find the perpetrator if you look carefully.
I don't think the first pic is a leaf miner, but only because it isn't doing any mining action.
I don't know what they look like when they aren't mining. Sorry!