It has to do with the timing of budding. If you bud at the same time, I have not noticed any difference. Of course with chip budding, you bud them way earlier than T-budding, so that is why it seemed at eternity for them to sprout during colder temperature earlier in the season. You would T-bud later when the barks are slipping, by then the temperatures are warmer and so would seem to sprout much quicker.
Whenever I can T-bud, I don't chip bud. It is way faster. But when there is nothing to do during late winter and the first budwood cuttings from UCR has been shipped to me, I would do chip budding at that time.
Just for the heck of it, I tried T and chip budding side by side on the same tree when I can do both of them, they showed the same vigor using the same cultivar budded unto the same stock, also showed the same percentage success rate of take.