I think node count is actually remembered per-node and radiates outward, so only number of buds from the first (trunk/soil line) matters. I think total node count is just an approximation of the number of overall nodes once the first branch/bud reaches maturity anywhere on the tree. Once the node count is reached in a bud it triggers a permanent cell differentiation that is inherited to all child buds, which is why you can graft a single bud from fruiting wood onto an immature rootstock tree.
If, instead, a magic number of total nodes on the tree overall is what mattered, it seems like you could graft a new seedling onto mature wood and have it fruit the seed variety, which is not the case. Or, apply some kind of hormone to force maturity. I've read some speculation that an unknown chemical dubbed "floriden" is part of process but it sounds like bunk.
From
http://www.gardenguides.com/79887-causes-flowers-bloom.html
"Theory holds that a flower-inducing plant hormone called floriden is the physical mechanism within a plant that causes flowering. There is strong evidence this theory is correct, but studies on it continue."
I don't think this is credible at all, but I'm no expert.